The innate immune perspective of autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions
Shirly Frizinsky, Soad Haj-Yahia, Diti Machnes Maayan, et.al.
"Innate immunity is one of two immune defence system arms. It is present at birth and does not require ‘learning’ through exposure to foreign organisms. It activates various mechanisms collectively to eliminate pathogens and hold an infection until the adaptive response are mounted.
The innate immune system consists of four elements: the epithelial barrier, cells (e.g. macrophages, NK cells), plasma proteins (e.g. complement) and cytokines. These components act in concert to induce complex processes, as well as recruitment, activation and differentiation of adaptive responses.
The innate response is more than just the ‘first line of defence’, as it essentially withholds the vast majority of any intruder, has a complex interplay with the adaptive arm and is crucial for survival of the host.
Finally, yet importantly, a myriad of diseases has been linked with innate immune dysregulation.
In this mini-review we will shed some light on these conditions, particularly regarding autoinflammatory ones."
“It is clear that MCs play an important role in the initiation and exasperation of autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, MCs can worsen disease by a number of mediators and counteracting Treg cells function. In the mouse models of RA and MS, MCs promote inflammation in the same way like TNF”
New insights into the role of mast cells in autoimmunity: Evidence for a common mechanism of action?
lMargaret E.WalkerMelissa
Research Highlights
► Mast cells are potent inflammatory cells that are well studied in allergic disease.
► Mast cells also exacerbate autoimmune disease in humans as well as in animal models.
► Mast cells act to recruit neutrophils to sites of autoimmune destruction in many of these diseases.
► Emerging data in mast cell biology offer potential roles for these cells in autoimmunity.
"There is a growing body of evidence that mast cells are involved in the exacerbation of several autoimmune diseases.
Here we summarize the most unequivocal data from both human and mouse autoimmune disease studies."
Relationship between Mast Cells and Autoimmune Diseases
Lislaine A Wesing*, Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara and Felipe V Pereira*
"Mast Cells (MCs) are no longer considered as only effectors cell in allergic disorders, but also as important modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses.
Increased numbers of MCs together with signs of their degranulation at sites of inflammation and tissue injury have been shown in studies of both human disease and animal models of autoimmune disorders.
Despite this substantial evidence, MCs role in autoimmunity is still on debate. MCs can regulate the recruitment, survival and function of many immune cells.
Therefore, they are able to enhance or suppress the initiation, magnitude and/ or continuance of immune responses in autoimmune conditions.
Further studies are essential to gain a more detailed understanding of MCs participation in autoimmunity. Targeting MC may be of value in future prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases. "
“Gluten Sensitivity” May Be a Misnomer for Distinct Illnesses to Various Wheat Proteins
“Lately, however, some researchers are wondering if they were too quick to pin all the blame for these problems on gluten. A handful of new studies suggest that in many cases gluten sensitivity might not be about gluten at all. Rather it may be a misnomer for a range of different illnesses triggered by distinct molecules in wheat and other grains.”
A Durum Wheat Variety-Based Product Is Effective in Reducing Symptoms in Patients with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Trial