Okay!
Jackie is working toward a diagnosis at Cleveland Clinic.
Problems with high histamine food that a lot of us have, fatigue,
8 posts were merged into an existing topic: Articles relating to COVID 19
Patron Saint of Love, Syncope, Bees, Seizures, and Plagues. Alright, who didnât send out cards this year??
Love those Nurses! Go Nurses Go!!!
If you have to intubate, remember irrigate with the 2008 Cabernet instead of normal saline and Yâall please split the rest of the bottle on meâ:laughing:
3D printer folksđ
Realize we are international, this is for my Marine appreciating friends.
Reminder: This is the paper on line discussing now at AAAS:
https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abb2507
Mast cellânerve axis with a focus on the human gut
Sabine Buhner, Michael Schemannâ Human Biology, Technische Universität MĂźnchen, Germany
"The concept of a âbrain in the gutâ emerged in the early 1900s. Subsequently, neurochemical, neurobiological and functional studies have confirmed that the enteric nervous system (ENS) closely resembles the central nervous system. The ENS contains about 100 million nerve cells within the gut wall.
The mast cellâENS axis combines specialized memory and sensory functions of the enteric mast cells with the capacity of the ENS to integrate paracrine signals.
The role of the mast cell is twofold. On one hand it operates as a sensory cell activated by both immune and nonimmune stimuli, and at the same time it acts as an effector cell releasing a number of highly biologically active mediators [64].
These substances serve as paracrine signals to extrinsic and intrinsic neural networks in the gut wall which in turn respond by initiating defense programs.
A classical example for such a communication between mucosal mast cells and enteric neurons is the hypersensitivity reactions associated with food allergy. The mechanisms have been elegantly studied in a guinea pig model with antigen sensitization to cowâs milk [65â69].
These data are relevant for similar interactions in the human gut. An antigen-evoked mast cell degranulation in the small and large intestine starts an immediate reaction characterized by mucosal hypersecretion [67,69] and strong muscle contractions [70]."
Mast Cells, Neuroinflammation and Pain in Fibromyalgia Syndrome
"Mast cells have been implicated in headaches (Theoharides, 1983; Theoharides et al., 2005) and pain (Xanthos et al., 2011; Aich et al., 2015; Gupta and Harvima, 2018). Activation of the mast cell-specific receptor, MRGPRX2, (McNeil et al., 2015) and its mouse analogue, Mrgprb2, mediated inflammatory mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia (Green et al., 2019).
Hence, mast cells are key players of neuroendocrine (Theoharides, 2017) and painful disorders (Theoharides et al., 2019).
In this context, inhibitors of mast cells (Harvima et al., 2014) would be useful in the treatment of FMS. Natural molecules could include the flavonoids, luteolin (Kempuraj et al., 2008; Theoharides et al., 2015c; Ashaari et al., 2018) and tetramethoxyluteolin, (Theoharides et al., 2017; Theoharides and Tsilioni, 2018) alone or in combination with other substances selected to reduce stress (Theoharides and Kavalioti, 2018).
Other natural molecules could include palmitoylethanolamide, (Schweiger et al., 2019) which apparently inhibits neuro-inflammation (Skaper et al., 2013, 2015) and reduces pain (Skaper et al., 2014a; Impellizzeri et al., 2016)."
Polyphenolics Evoke Healing Responses: Clinical Evidence and Role of Predictive Biomarkers
Russell Jaffe, Jayashree Mani, in Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease (Second Edition), 2018
- Quercetins
Quercetins are naturally occurring flavonoids that function as active dietary antioxidants. These flavonoids are ubiquitous in foods, including vegetables such as onions, garlic, and ginger; fruit such as apples; and in tea and wine.
All quercetins however are not equal. Certain forms of quercetin such as quercetin rutinoside (rutin) are poorly absorbed by the body and are more likely to be irritating or allergenic [8].
Another example is quercetin chalcone, a special hesperidin, which has an exceptionally short half-life and is therefore not effective unless it is taken every hour or so.
While quercetin dihydrate is insoluble in water, in physiologic or biological salt solutions it is easily available, especially to first-responder phagocytic and dendritic cells.
Quercetin dihydrate therefore seems to have the apparent best bioavailability followed by glycosides, aglycone, and finally rutinoside [9]. The chemical description of quercetin dihydrate is 3,3â˛4â˛, 5,7-pentahydroxy flavone (Fig. 29.2).
At the end are several good references.
Good information. Similar images and description of processes related to IL1 and IL6 cytokine induced ARDS from SARS CoV-2.virus infection
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/60331/version/1/pdf/render.pdf
On the Other Hand
New ResultsComment on this paper
The inhaled corticosteroid ciclesonide blocks coronavirus RNA replication by targeting viral NSP15
Shutoku Matsuyama, Miyuki Kawase, Naganori Nao, Kazuya Shirato, Makoto Ujike, Wataru Kamitani, Masayuki Shimojima, Shuetsu Fukushi
âSteroid compounds, which are expected to have dual functions in blocking host inflammation and MERS-CoV replication, were screened from a chemical library. Within this library, ciclesonide, an inhaled corticosteroid, suppressed human coronavirus replication in cultured cells, but did not suppress replication of respiratory syncytial virus or influenza virus. The effective concentration of ciclesonide to block SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of COVID-19) replication (EC90) was 6.3 ÎźM. After the eleventh consecutive MERS-CoV passage in the presence of ciclesonide, a resistant mutation was generated, which resulted in an amino acid substitution (A25V) in nonstructural protein (NSP) 15, as identified using reverse genetics. A recombinant virus with the mutation was also resistant to ciclesonide suppression of viral replication. These observations suggest that the effect of ciclesonide was specific to coronavirus, suggesting this is a candidate drug for treatment of patients suffering MERS or COVID-19.â
Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury
Clark D Russell
Jonathan E Millar
J Kenneth Baillie
LANCET from WHO Page
Published:February 07, 2020DOI:Redirecting
https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736(20)30317-2
"10. Adjunctive therapies for COVID-19: corticosteroids Do not routinely give systemic corticosteroids for treatment of viral pneumonia outside clinical trials. âŚ
âŚClinicians considering corticosteroids for a patient with COVID-19 and sepsis must balance the potential small reduction in mortality with the potential downside of prolonged shedding of coronavirus in the respiratory tract, as has been observed in patients with MERS (65).
If corticosteroids are prescribed, monitor and treat hyperglycaemia, hypernatraemia, and hypokalaemia. Monitor for recurrence of inflammation and signs of adrenal insufficiency after stopping corticosteroids, which may have to be tapered.
Because of the risk of strongyloides stercoralis hyper-infection with steroid therapy, diagnosis or empiric treatment should be considered in endemic areas if steroids are used (67)."